Throughout its life, the machine primarily competed with the Commodore 64, BBC Micro, Dragon 32, and the Amstrad CPC range. Ultimately the Spectrum was released as six different models, ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built-in floppy disk drive in 1987. It was released in the United States as the Timex Sinclair 2068 in 1983, and in some parts of Europe as the Timex Computer 2048. It was initially distributed through mail order, but after severe backlogs the machine was sold through High Street chains in the United Kingdom. Video output is transmitted to a television set rather than a dedicated monitor, while software is loaded and saved onto compact audio cassettes. Its distinctive case, rainbow motif and rubber keyboard were designed by Rick Dickinson. The addendum 'Spectrum' was chosen to highlight the machine's colour display, which differed from the black and white display of its predecessor, the ZX81.

It was designed to be small, simple, and most importantly inexpensive, with as few components as possible. Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour, the ZX Spectrum was designed by a small team in Cambridge.

The machine was the brainchild of English entrepreneur and inventor Sir Clive Sinclair. Many official and unofficial clones were released around the world in the following years, most notably in Europe, the United States, and Eastern Bloc countries. It was first released in the United Kingdom on 23 April 1982.

The ZX Spectrum ( UK: / z ɛ d ɛ k s/) is an 8-bit home computer developed and marketed by Sinclair Research. PAL RF modulator out, 256 x 192, 15 colours

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